API
T
E
S
T
A
U
T
OM
A
TION
DEE
P
D
I
V
E
I
N
T
O
P
R
O
T
O
C
O
L
S
T
A
C
K
API
TEST
AUT
OMA
TION
DEEP
DIVE
INT
O
PR
O
T
OC
OL ST
A
CK
About
An
t
on
Se
me
nche
nk
o
Co
-
f
ounder
\
a
ct
i
vis
t
of
C
OM
A
QA
.B
Y
,
Co
r
eHa
r
d.B
Y an
d
In
t
erIT
c
omm
uni
ti
es,
c
o
-
f
ounder
of
DP
I.S
ol
uti
ons
,
manager at
EP
AM S
ys
t
em
s.
Mor
e than
16
year
s of
e
xper
i
enc
e in
IT
.
Speci
al
i
z
es
i
n
l
o
w
-
l
e
vel
de
velopme
n
t,
Q
A aut
omati
on,
managem
en
t,
sal
es.
A
g
e
n
d
a
3
1
OSI
Mod
el
T
oo
ls
3
W
e
b
se
rvice
te
stin
g
2
7
A
P
P
LI
C
A
T
I
ON
6
P
R
E
S
EN
T
A
T
I
ON
O
S
I
m
o
d
e
l
4
5
S
E
S
S
I
ON
4
T
R
A
N
S
P
OR
T
3
N
E
T
W
OR
K
2
D
A
T
A
LINK
1
P
H
Y
S
I
C
A
L
D
AT
A
S
E
G
ME
N
T
P
A
C
K
E
T
FRAME
B
I
T
S
PO
R
T
I
P
M
A
C
7
la
y
er
OSI
model
:
1.
I
t
i
s not
s
t
r
i
ct r
epr
ese
n
t
a
t
i
on
of
act
ua
l
ar
chite
ctur
e,
but
r
a
t
her
c
oncep
tion
th
a
t
help
s t
o unde
r
s
t
and i
n
t
er
acti
on
o
v
er
th
e
ne
tw
or
k
.
I
beli
e
v
e al
mos
t
al
l
of
y
ou
al
r
eady
sa
w
t
hi
s
mode
l
,
or
a
t
l
eas
t
hear
d
ab
out
it
.
OSI
s
t
an
ds
f
or
Open
S
y
s
t
em
I
n
t
er
c
onnecti
on
7
la
y
er
OSI
model
:
2.
The fir
s
t
la
y
er is
th
e
p
h
y
sical
la
y
er
.
Th
i
s
i
s
h
o
w
d
o
d
e
vic
es
c
o
n
n
ec
t
.
Ar
e
th
e
y
c
onnec
ti
ng a
cr
oss
wir
es
?
Or
m
a
ybe
wit
h fi
ber
?
3.
The sec
o
n
d
la
y
er
up h
er
e
i
s r
e
f
er
r
ed
t
o as t
he
Da
t
aLink
La
y
er
.
Th
e
Da
t
aL
i
nk
l
a
y
er
i
den
t
i
f
i
es
h
o
w
th
e el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
s
signal should
b
e
tr
ansla
t
ed
.
I
s it
E
t
her
ne
t
or
wir
eless.
I
t
c
oul
d be 8
0
2
.
1
1
f
or
wir
eless
or
8
0
2
.
3
f
or
E
t
her
ne
t
s
t
an
da
r
ds.
Da
t
aL
i
nk
l
a
y
er
i
s
sa
ying
h
o
w th
e
b
its of
d
a
t
a ar
e p
ac
k
ag
ed
.
4.
The th
ir
d
le
v
el
up h
er
e
i
s
t
he
n
e
tw
o
rk
la
y
er
.
T
he n
e
t
w
ork
l
a
y
er
i
s
wher
e
w
e
i
n
t
r
oduce
t
he c
once
p
t
of
ad
dr
essing
.
Fr
o
m
add
r
ess,
and
t
o
add
r
ess
.
5.
Th
ese fir
s
t
th
r
ee
la
y
er
s
ar
e
de
fi
ned unde
r
th
e
OSI
m
ode
l
t
o be
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
ed
b
y
th
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
.
The ne
x
t
f
our
ar
e
t
he s
y
s
t
em
or
soft
w
ar
e
c
on
t
r
oll
ed
c
omponen
t
s.
7
la
y
er
OSI
model
:
6.
La
y
er n
u
mb
er
f
our
i
s
c
al
l
ed
t
he
T
r
ansp
o
rt
La
y
er
.
T
r
an
sport
i
s t
ell
i
ng
us ho
w
w
e
ar
e
g
oing
t
o
p
ac
k
ag
e th
e
d
a
t
a
b
ec
aus
e
w
e d
on't
sen
d
al
l
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
t
en
t
a
t one time
.
W
e
send
it
in p
ac
k
e
ts
.
The
y
ar
e
smal
l
pi
ec
es
of
da
t
a
t
ha
t
ar
e
t
ak
en
f
r
om
a
l
ar
g
e bund
l
e of da
t
a
on
t
he s
y
s
t
em
her
e
… a
nd
chopped
i
n
t
o
smal
l
er
pi
ec
es. …
.
an
d
t
hen
sen
t
acr
oss
t
he in
t
er
ne
t
an
d
r
eassem
bl
ed
a
t
th
e f
ar
si
de.
So
tr
anspor
t
m
ec
hani
sm
s disassem
bl
e
th
es
e
pi
ec
es
,
se
nd
it
acr
oss
th
e
i
n
t
er
ne
t
an
d r
eassem
bl
e
i
t
a
t
th
e other
si
de.
T
r
an
sport
La
y
er
i
s
v
ery
i
mpor
t
an
t
f
or
r
eli
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of t
he
da
t
a.
I
t
ensur
e
t
ha
t
I
act
ua
l
l
y
g
e
t
al
l
of
t
he me
ssage
.
I
f
I
g
e
t
pa
r
t
of t
he
me
ssage
f
r
om
one
sour
ce
an
d
part f
r
om
anot
her
,
if
I
c
an
pr
ope
r
ly
put
them
back
t
og
e
th
er
,
I
ha
v
e
t
he c
omple
t
e
me
ssage
.
The t
r
an
sport
t
ell
s
me
,
ho
w
I
br
eak
do
wn
an
d
put
ba
ck
t
og
e
t
her
t
he
da
t
a.
7
la
y
er
OSI
model
:
7.
Ne
x
t
l
e
v
el up
her
e
i
s Session.
This
is
wh
er
e
sessio
n
s
ar
e han
d
led
.
I
t
open
s,
cl
ose, an
d
able t
o r
ec
ov
er
a session
.
And
it
al
lo
w
s
t
o
s
ynchr
oni
z
e
i
n
f
or
ma
t
i
on
f
r
om
di
f
f
er
en
t
s
t
r
eams.
8.
Al
l
r
i
gh
t
,
so
one
l
a
y
er
up
i
s
la
y
er
6
is th
e pr
esen
t
a
tio
n
la
y
er
.
I
t
h
and
les
th
e la
n
gu
ag
e
o
r
f
o
rma
t
th
a
t am
I
u
sing
?
And
so
,
when
I
'm
t
al
k
i
ng
ab
out
th
e c
omm
uni
c
a
t
i
on t
ha
t
's
g
oin
g
acr
oss
a p
arti
cula
r
se
ssion,
acr
oss
a parti
cular
pr
ot
oc
ol,
I
c
ould use m
ul
ti
pl
e
la
ngu
ag
es
.
If
I
use HT
TP
an
d
P
or
t
8
0
t
he la
ng
ua
g
e
mig
h
t
be
HTML
.
Or
I
c
oul
d
use
oth
er
f
or
ma
t
s.
I
c
oul
d use
XML
.
Th
er
e'
s
a l
ot of
oth
er
l
an
gu
age
s
t
ha
t
mig
h
t
be
used acr
oss
HT
TP
.
Al
so som
e
sour
ce
s
clai
m
s
th
a
t
SSL
lea
v
es
her
e,
in
pr
es
en
t
a
ti
on
la
y
er
.
7
la
y
er
OSI
model
:
9.
Whe
n
w
e
mo
v
e
up h
er
e
t
o th
e
se
v
en
th
la
y
er
her
e,
w
e'
r
e
g
onna
t
al
k
about
th
e
App
li
c
a
tion L
a
y
er
.
The A
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
La
y
er
is
th
e
actua
l
ap
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
t
ha
t
's
g
oin
g
t
o
mana
g
e
t
he da
t
a
an
d c
on
v
er
t
s
i
n
f
or
ma
t
i
on t
o
da
t
a
an
d
ba
ck
w
ar
ds.
Whe
n
I
sa
y A
pp
li
ca
tio
n
La
y
er
,
o
u
r
e
x
ample her
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e br
o
w
ser
s,
a
t lea
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
c
ase w
e'r
e
t
al
ki
n
g
about
HT
TP
.
Or
HT
TP
c
li
en
t
f
o
r
A
PI
.
C
LI
E
N
T
SE
R
V
I
C
E
7
A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
6
P
R
E
S
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
5
S
E
S
S
I
ON
4
T
R
A
N
S
P
OR
T
3
N
E
T
W
OR
K
2
D
A
T
A
LINK
1
P
H
Y
S
I
C
A
L
A
P
I
t
e
s
t
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
GET
http://w
ww
.
exa
m
pl
e.
com
/c
ust
om
ers
/33
2
45
200
O
k
+
P
a
y
l
o
a
d
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
d
a
t
a
D
a
t
a
f
o
r
ma
t
:80/
:443
UD
P
/
T
C
P
IP
M
A
C
10
Th
e
OSI
model
descr
i
bes
ho
w
t
o
encap
sulat
e
the pie
c
es
o
f
da
t
a
a
nd
send
tr
o
u
gh
th
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
.
W
ell
,
her
e'
s
a
pa
ck
e
t
of
dat
a
.
T
he b
l
ue
c
olu
mn. Ag
ai
n,
t
hi
s
i
s
b
y
e
x
ampl
e,
I
am not
t
r
ying
t
o
descr
i
be
pr
ec
i
sely
s
t
anda
r
ds
of an I
P
pack
e
ts
c
on
t
en
t, bec
ause
th
is
if
f
ar
fr
om
th
is
w
or
k
shop
sc
ope.
I
am
g
onna
s
t
art h
er
e
a
t
l
a
y
er
se
v
en,
t
he
Appl
i
c
a
t
i
on
La
y
er
.
Her
e
i
n
t
he
pa
ck
e
t
,
t
he fi
r
s
t
t
hi
ng
w
e'
r
e
g
onna
do
i
n
l
a
y
er
se
v
en'
s
g
onna
put
da
t
a
i
n
her
e,
som
e
pa
yload.
Th
is d
a
t
a c
ould
b
e en
cr
yp
t
ed
.
I
c
ould put
a fl
ag
t
ha
t
sa
y
s
t
ha
t
encryp
t
i
on
i
s used.
A
s
an
e
x
ample V
PN
.
Th
e ne
x
t
la
y
er
of
t
he mo
del
i
s six
an
d
t
hi
s
i
s wher
e
I
w
oul
d
put
t
he
f
or
ma
t
.
I
need
a w
a
y t
o id
en
t
i
f
y
wha
t
t
he
f
or
ma
t
of
t
he da
t
a
i
s
.
I
ha
v
e la
y
er
fi
v
e and l
a
y
er
f
i
v
e
i
s ab
out
m
y por
t
or
m
y pr
ot
oc
ol.
I
n her
e,
I
'm
id
en
t
i
f
ying w
ha
t
me
chani
sm I'm
usi
ng
.
I
'v
e
g
ot P
or
t
8
0
,
i
f
i
t
's
HT
TP
f
or
e
x
ampl
e.
My la
y
er
f
our
her
e
i
s th
e T
r
an
sport
La
y
er
.
Th
e
t
w
o
mos
t
c
omm
on
f
or
ms
of
t
r
an
sport
ar
e
UDP
,
User
Da
t
agr
am Pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
a
nd
T
CP
,
T
r
ansmissio
n
Con
tr
o
l
Pr
o
t
o
c
o
l
.
I
n
UDP
sequence
of
deli
v
ery
, se
quence
of
t
r
an
smissi
on
doesn't
me
an
as
much.
Th
e other
op
t
i
on
her
e
i
s T
CP
,
T
r
an
smissi
on Con
t
r
ol
Pr
ot
oc
ol.
Whe
n
I
send
c
on
t
en
t
via
T
CP sequ
ence
ma
t
t
er
s.
T
CP
i
s mo
r
e
i
mpor
t
an
t
th
a
t
i
t
be
deli
v
er
ed
an
d r
eassem
bl
ed
sequen
t
i
al
l
y
.
Le
t's
jus
t sa
y
I
ha
v
e
a
2
0
-
w
or
d
message. And
I
r
ece
iv
e
pa
rt
one,
pa
rt
t
w
o
,
pa
r
t
t
hr
ee
,
pa
r
t
fi
v
e. W
ai
t
I
need
pa
r
t
f
our
,
R
e
t
r
a
ns
mit
pa
rt
f
ou
r
so
t
ha
t
I
c
an
r
eassem
bl
e
t
he
me
ssage
.
I
f
I
'm
doi
ng
U
DP
,
i
t
mig
h
t
not
bee
needed.
So
i
n l
a
y
er
f
our
I
ha
v
e in
f
or
ma
t
i
on t
ha
t
al
l
o
w
s me
t
o
r
ec
o
v
er
t
he
c
on
t
en
t
of
mult
i
pl
e
pa
ck
e
t
s.
I
don't send
al
l
of m
y
da
t
a
i
n
one
pa
ck
e
t
.
I
chop
i
t
i
n
t
o
pi
ec
es
.
Th
e bot
t
om
t
hr
ee
ne
t
w
or
k
l
a
y
er
s.
La
y
er
t
w
o
i
s
wher
e
t
he
MA
C ad
dr
ess
e
x
i
s
t
s.
Th
i
s
i
s th
e ph
y
si
c
al
I
D of
a ne
t
w
or
k
c
ar
d
i
n
a
P
cso
I
wil
l
ha
v
e the
FR
OM
an
d T
O MA
C ad
dr
esse
s
.
And f
i
na
l
l
y
l
a
y
er
3
i
s
f
or
I
P
ad
dr
ess.
Th
i
s
i
s
t
he
v
ery
l
as
t
pi
ec
e
of
da
t
a
ad
ded t
o pack
e
t
an
d
no
w
,
I
c
an
send t
hi
s
pa
ck
e
t
usi
ng
t
he
OSI model
ba
ck
an
d f
or
t
h
be
t
w
ee
n
t
he
t
w
o
de
vices.
Th
e
OSI
mod
el is an
idealiz
ed
ab
s
tr
ac
t
mod
el,
and
th
er
e ar
e n
o
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
ls
in u
se
t
o
d
a
y th
a
t f
o
ll
o
w
it
.
HT
TP
w
as cr
ea
t
ed
wit
hout
r
eg
ar
d
t
o
t
he OSI
mode
l
,
so
t
her
e'
s
no
poi
n
t
t
o tr
ying
t
o m
ak
e
i
t
ab
solu
t
ely fi
t
.
I
t
jus
t
shoul
d hel
p
t
o
i
magi
ne
wha
t
's
g
oin
g on wh
en
y
ou
send
r
eques
t
som
e
whe
r
e.
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
-
r
e
sp
o
n
se
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
and
typ
e
s
14
P
O
S
T
/maps/
api/pla
c
e/
a
dd
/j
s
o
n
H
T
T
P
/
1
.
1
H
o
s
t
:
map
s.
g
oog
l
ea
pis
.
c
om
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
T
y
p
e
:
appli
c
a
ti
on/
j
s
on
Acc
ep
t:
app
l
i
c
a
ti
on
/j
s
on
{
"
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
"
:
{
"l
a
t"
:
-
33.86
697
10,
"l
ng
":
151.1958750
},
"name":
"Andr
e
w
w
a
s
her
e",
"phon
e_
nu
mbe
r"
:
“+
375(
29)
37
048
58",
"types
":
["bar"],
}
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
l
i
ne
: ME
TH
OD
|UR
I
|H
T
T
P
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
H
E
A
D
E
R
S
M
E
S
S
A
G
E
BO
D
Y
So
I
wil
l
g
o ahead
an
d
mo
v
e
clot
he
t
o
mai
n
t
heme
of
t
hi
s
w
or
k
shop.
I
n
mos
t
c
ases when
y
ou
ar
e
w
or
k
i
ng
wit
h
API
,
it
means
th
a
t y
o
u
wil
l
send
some r
equ
es
t
and
c
h
ec
k
some r
espons
e
.
Th
i
s
i
s ho
w
i
t
usua
l
l
y
w
or
k
s.
So
th
is
is
r
eque
s
t
e
x
ample.
I
t c
onsis
ts f
r
om
r
eque
s
t
li
ne,
header
s
and
me
ssage
body
.
Message
body
i
s
op
t
i
onal
.
F
or
Ge
t
i
t
op
t
i
onal
, and H
E
AD
r
eques
t
shoul
d
not
ha
v
e thi
s
pa
r
t
.
Ok
,
r
equ
es
t
li
n
e
c
on
t
ai
ns
R
equ
es
t me
th
o
d
,
URI
o
f r
eso
u
r
c
e
,
an
d
v
er
sio
n
o
f p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
.
Header
sec
t
i
on
c
on
t
ai
ns a
l
l
i
n
f
or
ma
t
i
on ab
out
r
eque
s
t
it
se
lf
.
The o
nl
y
one
header
th
a
t
should
be
pr
es
en
t
ed
in
an
y
c
ase
i
s
hos
t
.
Thi
s
i
s
ad
dr
ess
of
serv
er
t
ha
t
w
e
ar
e
t
al
k
i
ng
t
o. C
ook
i
es,
c
on
t
en
t
types,
session
i
n
f
or
ma
t
i
on wil
l
be
s
t
or
ed
i
n
t
hi
s
sec
t
i
on.
And r
eques
t
body
i
t
self
.
Th
i
s
pa
r
t
c
on
t
ai
ns
t
he
da
t
a,
t
ha
t
shoul
d be sen
t
t
o
th
e
se
r
v
er
.
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
-
r
e
sp
o
n
se
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
and
typ
e
s
16
H
T
T
P
/
1
.
1
200
OK
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
T
y
p
e
:
app
l
i
c
a
ti
on/
j
s
on;
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
L
e
n
g
t
h
:
352
{
"i
d"
:
"50ea6150666e0de
4b097",
"plac
e_
i
d"
:
"
qgY
v
C
i
0
j
l
h
Z
T
g
z
N
G
I
"
,
"sc
ope
"
:
"AP
P
",
"
s
t
a
t
u
s
"
:
"OK"
}
S
t
a
t
u
s
-
L
i
n
e
:
H
T
T
P
-
V
e
r
s
i
o
n
|
S
t
a
t
u
s
-
C
o
d
e
|
R
e
a
s
o
n
-
P
h
r
a
s
e
H
E
ADE
R
S
M
E
S
S
A
G
E
B
O
D
Y
On
each r
eques
t
serv
er
r
epli
es
wit
h r
esponse.
T
ypic
al
l
y
r
espons
e
wil
l
c
o
n
t
ai
n
St
a
tu
s li
n
e, h
ea
d
er
s
and
messag
e body
.
St
a
tu
s li
ne
sho
w
s
e
x
ec
ut
ion s
t
a
tu
s
of
r
eque
s
t.
Ar
e
th
er
e
an
y
er
r
or
s,
or
r
eques
t
pr
oce
ssed
succe
ss
f
ul
l
y
.
Th
er
e
ar
e
pr
e
t
t
y
bi
g
amoun
t
of
s
t
a
t
us
c
odes,
I
’ll
descr
i
be
t
hem
be
t
t
er
i
n ne
x
t
sli
de.
Header
s
pa
r
t
is t
he same
wit
h r
eques
t
.
I
t
c
on
t
ai
ns
i
n
f
or
ma
t
i
on
ab
out
r
es
ponse
,
se
ssion
da
t
a,
c
ook
ies,
and
siz
e
of
m
es
sag
e
body
.
And a
me
ssage
body
i
t
self
.
I
t
c
oul
d be
J
SON,
XML
,
HTM
L
, m
i
me
t
ypes..
.
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
-
r
e
sp
o
n
se
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
and
typ
e
s
18
W
E
B
S
E
R
V
I
C
E
2xx:
Suc
ces
s
200
OK
201
C
r
e
a
t
e
d
4x
x:
C
l
i
e
n
t
E
r
r
o
r
400
Bad
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
403
F
orbi
d
d
e
n
404 Not
F
ou
n
d
405
Me
thod
No
t
Allow
e
d
410
Go
n
e
5x
x:
Ser
v
er
E
r
r
o
r
500
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
Se
r
v
e
r
E
r
r
o
r
About
s
t
a
t
us
c
odes.
Th
e
y
ar
e
r
epr
ese
n
t
ed
an
d
descr
i
bed
i
n
RF
C
7
2
3
1
.
V
al
u
e
o
f
s
t
a
tu
s c
o
d
e
r
epr
esen
t
r
esult of
r
espons
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
.
Ther
e
ar
e
fi
v
e
subgr
oup
s. One
hundr
ed
t
o
fi
v
e
hundr
ed
.
Th
e
mos
t
c
omm
on
ar
e
tw
o
h
u
n
d
r
ed
,
serv
er
shoul
d r
e
t
urn
t
hi
s
c
ode
i
n
c
ase
of su
cc
ess
f
ul
r
eques
t
pr
oce
ssi
ng
.
F
our
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
t
a
tu
s
c
ode
s
should be r
e
tu
r
ned
in
c
ase if
som
e
th
in
g
w
en
t
wr
ong
on
r
eques
t
or
s
si
de
.
And t
he
500
(In
t
er
na
l
Serv
er
Err
or
)
s
t
a
t
us
c
ode
i
ndi
c
a
t
es
t
ha
t
t
he serv
er
enc
oun
t
er
ed
an
une
xpect
ed c
ondit
ion t
ha
t
pr
e
v
en
t
ed
it
fr
om
fu
lf
il
l
i
ng
t
he r
eques
t
.
D
EL
E
TE
R
E
A
D
U
P
D
A
TE
C
R
E
A
TE
201
C
r
e
a
t
e
d
+
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
P
O
S
T
http://w
ww
.ex
am
pl
e.c
om
/cu
st
om
ers
+
pa
ylo
ad
GET
http://w
ww
.
exa
m
pl
e.
com
/c
ust
om
ers
/33
2
45
200
Ok
+
P
a
y
l
o
a
d
PUT
http://w
ww
.
exa
m
pl
e.co
m
/
cus
tom
ers
/3
32
45
200
Ok
D
EL
ET
E
http://w
ww
.
exa
m
pl
e.co
m
/
cus
tom
ers
/3
32
45
200
Ok
RES
T
and
C
R
U
D
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
www
.
a
w
e
s
o
me
por
t
a
l
.
c
o
m
:12
3
4
/
p
a
t
h
/
v
er
s
i
o
n
/r
e
so
ur
ce
?
f
oo=
f
oo%2
0
b
a
r
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
port
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
p
a
t
h
quer
y
20
A
n
d
a f
e
w
w
o
r
d
s
about
RES
T
:
1.
RE
S
T
is a
r
c
h
it
ec
tu
r
al
s
tyle
o
f
b
u
il
d
ing
w
eb
ser
vic
es
.
R
es
t
servi
ce
usual
ly
r
epr
es
en
ts
al
l
da
t
a
as r
es
our
ce
s,
and
t
o
in
t
er
act wit
h
th
is
r
esour
ce
s
w
e
use
HT
TP
me
t
hods.
So
t
o send
r
eques
t
t
o
i
n
t
er
act
wit
h some
da
t
a,
r
eques
t
wil
l
l
ook
s
l
i
k
e:
t
ype
of p
r
ot
oc
ol,
t
hen wil
l
be
t
he hos
t
,
or
ad
dr
ess,
or
ma
ybe
y
ou
wil
l
w
on
t
t
o use
I
P
an
d
port.
Th
e
ne
x
t
pa
r
t
i
s
r
esour
ce
pa
t
h,
an
d
her
e
c
oul
d be v
er
si
on
of
endpoin
t
.
And
la
s
t
part i
s query
,
it
c
on
t
ai
ns par
ame
t
er
s
th
a
t
y
ou
w
an
t
t
o
send t
o
r
esour
ce
.
2.
E
ach r
esour
ce
c
oul
d be
c
r
ea
t
ed
,
r
ea
d
,
u
p
d
a
t
ed
or
d
ele
t
ed
.
W
ell
it
ob
viousl
y
depends
on
acce
ss
an
d
wha
t
log
i
c
i
s impl
em
en
t
ed
i
n w
eb
se
r
vice
?
B
ut
in
g
ene
r
al
: t
hi
s
is c
al
led
cru
d
ope
r
a
ti
ons.
The
m
ai
n
i
dea
i
s th
a
t
d
a
t
a
sh
o
u
ld
b
e c
r
ea
t
ed
with
p
o
s
t
me
th
o
d
,
r
ea
d
with
GET
me
th
o
d
,
t
o
DELETE
d
a
t
a, me
th
o
d
DELETE
sh
o
u
ld
b
e
u
sed
,
an
d
t
o
u
p
d
a
t
e,
me
th
o
d
u
p
d
a
t
e
sh
o
u
ld
b
e
u
sed
.
Cli
e
n
t
–
s
er
v
i
ce
inte
r
a
c
tion
T
I
ME
P
o
l
l
i
n
g
22
Cli
e
n
t
–
s
er
v
i
ce
inte
r
a
c
tion
T
I
ME
Lon
g
-
po
l
l
i
ng
23
Cli
e
n
t
–
s
er
v
i
ce
inte
r
a
c
tion
T
I
ME
W
e
b
S
o
c
k
e
t
24
Cli
e
n
t
–
s
er
v
i
ce
inte
r
a
c
tion
C
LI
E
N
T
Load
Balancer
W
E
B
S
E
R
V
I
C
E
W
E
B
S
E
R
V
I
C
E
W
E
B
S
E
R
V
I
C
E
25
Cli
e
n
t
–
s
er
v
i
ce
inte
r
a
c
tion
26
C
LI
E
N
T
Load
Balancer
Cli
e
n
t
–
s
er
v
i
ce
inte
r
a
c
tion
27
And i
n
bi
g
pr
ojects
each
modul
e
c
oul
d ha
v
e a
l
ot
of e
x
t
er
na
l
c
onnecti
ons.
Be
c
ar
e
fu
l
with
es
tima
tio
n
s
about
h
o
w mu
c
h
time
y
o
u
n
eed
t
o
moc
k dep
end
encie
s
.
Th
i
s
i
n
ni
ce
e
x
ampl
e.
Th
i
s
i
s
schem
e
of
Amaz
on
a
nd
Ne
t
f
l
i
x
micr
o
servi
ce
s
s
t
r
uctu
r
e.
Th
i
s
pi
ctur
e
i
s
a
t
l
eas
t
f
e
w
y
ear
s
old
, so
I
am sur
e
t
ha
t
i
n
pr
ese
n
t
t
i
me
it
e
v
en
mor
e
i
mpr
essiv
e.
B
y
t
he
w
a
y
,
th
is i
s c
al
led
“De
a
th
s
t
ar
” diagr
am
.
P
r
e
t
ty nic
e
w
a
y
t
o
sh
ow
th
a
t s
y
s
t
em
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is r
eal
ly
c
omp
li
c
a
t
ed
.
W
e
b
s
er
v
i
ce
testing
WEB
S
ER
VI
C
E
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
Se
r
vic
e
Do
main
R
ep
o
s
i
t
o
r
i
es
D
a
t
a
mappi
n
g
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
29
I
t
i
s ni
ce
an
d
help
f
ul
i
f
y
ou
h
a
v
e
ac
c
ess t
o
w
eb
s
er
vi
c
e
c
o
d
e
and
u
n
d
er
s
t
and
its s
tru
c
tu
r
e
and
h
o
w
it
w
o
rk
s
.
B
ut
in
c
ase i
f
y
ou
don’t
it
c
o
u
ld
b
e trick
y
t
o
figur
e
o
u
t
h
o
w
and
wh
a
t
t
o
c
h
ec
k
with
b
ac
k
end
t
es
ts
.
I
n
g
ene
r
al
m
os
t
w
eb
s
ervices
c
ould be pr
es
en
t
as f
oll
o
wing
s
t
r
uctu
r
e.
I
t
is
doesn’t
r
epr
ese
n
t
r
eal
s
t
r
uctu
r
e,
but
jus
t
v
ery
-
v
ery
hi
gh
l
e
v
el c
once
p
t
i
on.
So
w
eb
servi
ce
wil
l
ha
v
e som
e
r
eso
u
r
c
es
o
r
some end
p
o
in
ts,
th
a
t
ar
e
e
xp
osed
t
o
cl
ien
t
.
Al
so
t
her
e
ar
e
wil
l
be
some
la
y
er
th
a
t r
epr
esen
ts
mai
n
lo
gic
,
some
th
ing
th
a
t ser
vic
e
is
r
espons
ible
f
o
r
.
And t
her
e
ar
e
wil
l
be
some
la
y
er
th
a
t
in
t
er
ac
ts with
d
a
t
a
s
t
o
r
ag
e
.
Ba
c
k
en
d
is
u
su
al
ly
abou
t
d
a
t
a
.
Ma
ybe
in
y
our
c
ase it
will
r
ead
fr
om
da
t
ab
ase,
or
s
t
or
e
some
da
t
a, or
e
x
ec
ute
s som
e
l
ogi
c
i
f
da
t
a
change
d.
Th
i
s
i
s
wha
t
servi
ce
usua
l
l
y
r
esponsi
bl
e
f
or
.
So
t
aking
t
hi
s
s
t
r
uctu
r
e
i
n
t
o acc
oun
t
, y
ou
c
old
pl
an
di
f
f
er
en
t
se
t
s
of
t
es
t
, and
y
ou
c
oul
d
b
e
su
r
e
th
a
t all
la
y
er
s
wil
l
b
e
c
o
v
er
ed
.
F
or
r
es
our
ce
s
th
er
e
wil
l
be
t
es
ts
th
a
t
che
ck
w
eb
se
r
vice
c
on
tr
act.
Ob
viousl
y
p
o
sitiv
e
t
es
ts
.
B
ut
a
ls
o
ho
w
bac
k
end
pr
o
c
es
s
r
eques
ts
without
mand
a
t
o
r
y
fiel
d
s,
with
wr
o
n
g
d
a
t
a type,
and
wh
ic
h
d
a
t
a i
s
o
p
tio
n
al
.
And
so
on.
Do
n
’t
e
xp
ec
t
th
a
t only
v
al
id r
equ
es
ts
wil
l
b
e
sen
t
t
o
b
ac
k
end
.
Ch
ec
k
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ac
t
,
th
a
t
b
ac
k
end
r
ea
ll
y
r
e
tu
rn
s
wh
a
t is
cl
ai
med
in
d
oc
u
men
t
a
tion
.
Th
e ne
x
t
se
t
of
t
es
t
s wil
l
be
t
es
ts t
h
a
t check
lo
gic
(
?
)
,
i
mpleme
n
t
ed
i
n
w
eb
servi
ce
.
Th
i
s
pa
r
t
of
t
es
t
s fu
l
l
y
depends
on
wha
t
’
s g
oin
g
on
i
n
y
our
pr
ojec
t.
Th
is is h
ar
d
t
o
giv
e some g
en
er
al
idea
wh
a
t
sh
ould
b
e
check
ed
h
er
e.
But
u
su
al
ly
th
is i
s d
a
t
a i
tself
,
li
k
e
d
o
es
b
ac
k end
r
e
tu
rn
p
r
o
p
er
v
al
u
es
.
A
c
tu
al
ly i
n
some cases y
o
u
c
an’
t
e
v
en
v
al
ida
t
e an
y
th
ing.
Lik
e
if y
o
u
h
a
v
e
b
ac
k
end
th
a
t sen
d
s
y
o
u
financia
l mark
e
t
d
a
t
a.
Y
o
u
c
an’
t
p
r
edict
wh
a
t y
o
u
wil
l
r
ec
eiv
e.
So
y
ou
wil
l
ha
v
e t
o
find
w
o
rk
ar
o
u
n
d
s,
o
r
ma
yb
e
cus
t
omer
will
d
eci
d
e
th
a
t d
a
t
a v
al
u
es itself
sh
ould
n
’t
b
e check
ed
,
ju
s
t
c
h
ec
k
th
a
t it
h
as
p
r
o
p
er
s
tru
c
tu
r
e
.
Th
i
s
i
s
possi
bl
e t
o
.
And t
he la
s
t
se
t
is
t
es
ts t
o
chec
k
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
with
d
a
t
a
s
t
o
r
ag
e (
?
!)
.
T
r
y
t
o
cr
ea
t
e
some
da
t
a
wit
h ba
ck
end,
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
e,
upd
a
t
e.
Wha
t
y
our
servi
ce
al
lo
w
s t
o
do.
Do
n
’t
e
xp
ect
th
a
t t
h
er
e
ar
e will
b
e
only
v
al
id d
a
t
a
in
d
a
t
abase
.
I
f
f
i
eld
i
s
nul
l
ab
l
e
,
ad
d t
es
t
t
ha
t
wil
l
chec
k
t
ha
t
ba
ck
end
c
oul
d
sussess
f
ul
l
y
pr
oce
ss
t
hi
s
k
i
nd
of
da
t
a
wit
h nu
l
l
s
i
n
da
t
ab
ase.
And a
g
ai
n
t
hi
s
i
s hi
gh
l
e
v
el
i
dea.
Be
c
au
se
t
hi
s is
not
possi
bl
e t
o s
t
r
i
ctl
y
sa
y
th
a
t
y
ou
should do
li
k
e
th
is
and t
hi
s,
bec
ause
th
er
e
is a bi
g
v
arie
ty
of
ap
pr
oaches
an
d
ar
chite
ctur
es
of
ba
ck
ends.
So
each
c
ase wil
l
ha
v
e
specif
i
c
t
es
t
s but
y
ou
c
oul
d use
t
hi
s
c
once
p
t
i
on
l
i
k
e
chec
k
l
i
s
t
,
t
o
v
er
i
f
y
t
ha
t
y
ou
ar
e
not
missi
ng
some
t
hi
ng
.
W
e
b
s
er
v
i
ce
testing
WEB
S
ER
VI
C
E
R
e
so
u
r
ce
s
Se
r
vic
e
Do
main
R
e
p
o
s
i
t
o
r
i
e
s
D
a
t
a
ma
ppi
n
g
G
a
t
e
w
a
y
s
+
HT
TP
c
li
en
t
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
Ext
er
na
l
se
r
vice
S
T
UB
S
TUB
33
I
n
c
ase
of
mic
r
o
ser
vic
es
t
he ma
i
n
i
dea
is
t
he
sa
me bu
t
bec
a
us
e
i
t
i
n
t
er
act
s wit
h a
not
her
micr
o
servi
ce
s
i
t
c
oul
d
ha
v
e
a
lo
t of e
xt
ern
al
d
epen
d
encie
s
.
So
w
e
shoul
d t
ak
e
i
n
t
o
acc
oun
t
th
a
t
i
t
wil
l
ha
v
e it
s
o
wn
clien
t
t
o in
t
er
act wit
h anot
her
parts
of back
end.
Y
es
,
m
onoli
th
ic
ba
ck
end wil
l
pr
obab
l
y ha
v
e it
, but
t
hi
s
i
s mo
r
e
i
mpor
t
an
t
in
t
hi
s c
ase.
Y
o
u
s
til
l
c
an
t
es
t
th
is
ki
n
d
of
b
ac
k
end
in
th
e same w
a
y as mono
li
th
ic
.
But
A
LSO…
y
o
u
wil
l
p
r
o
b
ably
w
an
t t
o
t
es
t
mic
r
o
ser
vic
es
separ
a
t
ely
.
Y
ou sa
w
dea
t
h s
t
ar di
ag
r
am.
I
t
wil
l
be
t
ooooo
c
ompli
c
a
t
ed
t
o
ha
ndl
e
whole
s
y
s
t
em
t
og
e
th
er
.
Al
so o
n
e
of
p
r
os
of
th
is ar
chit
ectu
r
e,
th
a
t y
ou
c
o
u
ld
r
edep
loy
modu
les
separ
a
t
ely
.
So
it
wil
l
b
e nice
t
o
b
e
able t
o
c
h
ec
k
modu
les
separ
a
t
ely
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
y
wil
l
b
e
d
eplo
y
ed
.
This c
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
c
r
ea
ting h
erme
tic
en
vir
o
n
men
ts
f
o
r
ea
c
h
modu
le
.
A
ll
e
xt
ern
al
d
ep
en
d
en
ci
es
sh
ould
b
e
r
ep
la
ced
b
y
mock
s
or
s
tu
b
s.
And
th
en
y
o
u
c
o
u
ld
t
es
t modu
le
in iso
la
tio
n
.
Pr
os
of t
hi
s
ap
pr
oach
ar
e
ob
vious:
y
ou
c
oul
d f
ul
l
y
c
on
t
r
ol
da
t
a
t
ha
t
i
s
c
oming
fr
om
e
x
t
er
na
l
dependencies
an
d
y
ou
c
oul
d use
moc
k
ed
da
t
ab
ase
or
i
n
me
mory
da
t
ab
ase
wit
h some
t
es
t
da
t
a.
B
ut
al
so ther
e
ar
e
som
e
aspec
ts
th
a
t
y
ou
should
t
ak
e
in
t
o a
ccou
n
t
:
1.
Th
e fi
r
s
t
one
i
s
s
tu
b
s
i
t
sel
f
.
Y
ou
sh
ou
l
d
in
v
es
t
some
amo
u
n
t
o
f
time
t
o
implemen
t s
tu
b
s,
o
r
f
ak
e ser
vic
es,
o
r
f
ak
e h
t
tp
c
li
en
t
.
I
t
c
oul
d
be
not
so
c
ompli
c
a
t
ed
f
or
one
t
w
o
si
mple
e
x
t
er
na
l
dependencies.
But
it
c
o
u
ld
b
ec
o
me
d
isa
s
t
er
if ser
vic
e
h
as bu
n
c
h
o
f
d
epen
d
encie
s
and
eac
h
of
th
em
h
as
c
omp
li
c
a
t
ed
b
eh
a
vio
r
.
And it
wil
l
be
e
v
en
mor
e
c
omple
x
if
t
hi
s
mo
du
le
is
in
de
v
el
o
pmen
t
.
T
eam wil
l
ad
d
dependencies
f
as
t
er
t
hen y
ou
wil
l
be
ab
l
e
t
o
moc
k
t
hem.
2.
Al
so y
ou
shoul
d decide
h
o
w
y
o
u
wil
l
implemen
t moc
k
s
.
As an
e
x
ample:
I
s it m
or
e c
on
v
en
ien
t
t
o
d
ep
lo
y
mod
u
le
with
f
ak
e h
t
tp
c
li
en
t,
or
r
eplac
e so
me ser
vic
e
c
la
ss
with
moc
k
.
Or
th
e sec
o
n
d
o
p
tio
n
is t
o
ru
n
modu
le
with
f
ak
e hos
ts p
ar
ame
t
er
s
and
s
t
art f
ak
e
ser
vic
es
as separ
a
t
e
w
eb s
er
vic
es
.
So
i
t
wil
l
send
r
eques
t
s
t
o
f
ak
e
se
r
vice
s
in
s
t
ead
r
eal
one
s.
So
th
er
e is a
lo
t
o
f
s
t
a
ff t
o
th
ink
about
b
e
f
o
r
e
y
o
u
wil
l
s
t
art
b
ac
k
end
aut
o
ma
tio
n
on
y
o
u
r
p
r
o
jec
t
.
As
y
ou
se
e
i
t
c
ou
l
d
be
pre
t
t
y
si
mp
l
e
, a
nd
y
ou
wil
l
be ab
l
e
t
o
del
i
ver
hu
nd
re
ds
of
t
e
s
t
s
i
n
t
hre
e
mo
n
t
hs,
or yo
u
c
ou
ld
spen
d
h
a
lf
y
ear
on
mo
c
k
s
a
n
d
e
v
en n
ot
s
t
a
rt
wit
h
t
es
ts
.
Y
ou shoul
d a
sk
y
our
self
:
1.
Ho
w
m
y
t
es
ts will
g
e
t ac
c
ess t
o
b
ac
k
end
?
2.
Am
I
able t
o
auth
en
tic
a
t
e
?
3.
Ca
n
I
c
r
ea
t
e o
r
r
equ
es
t
enough
t
es
t
u
ser
s
?
4.
Am
I
able t
o
man
ag
e
t
es
t
d
a
t
a, or
t
es
t DB
sh
ould
b
e ad
d
ed
?
5.
Ca
n
I
u
se
t
es
t
en
vir
o
n
men
t
,
or
I
sh
o
u
ld
d
eplo
y
app
li
c
a
tio
n
f
o
rm
t
es
t fr
ame
w
o
rk
?
6.
Shoul
d
I
c
r
ea
t
e
an
y
moc
k
s
?
As an e
x
ampl
e
modul
e
c
oul
d i
n
t
er
act
wit
h pr
od
da
t
a,
so
y
ou
c
ould not
use
r
eal depe
ndenc
ies
in
t
es
ts
bec
au
se
of
sec
urit
y
c
once
r
ns.
The mos
t imp
o
rt
an
t
c
o
n
c
ep
tio
n
s
:
1.
Depen
d
ency
I
n
jec
tio
n
DI
\
I
n
v
er
sio
n
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l
I
o
C
2.
Moc
k
Fr
ame
w
o
rk
3.
Domai
n Specif
i
c Lang
ua
g
es
de
v
elopmen
t
4.
Code
-
g
ene
r
a
ti
on
5.
BDD
.
.
?
6.
The Sin
g
le
R
es
p
on
si
b
il
it
y
Pr
inc
iple
,
SR
P
The mos
t imp
o
rt
an
t
Desi
gn
P
a
t
t
ern
s:
1.
Buil
der
2.
Flu
en
t
in
t
er
f
ace
3.
Sin
gl
e
t
on
4.
Ab
s
tr
act F
act
ory
5.
F
act
or
y
Me
t
hod
6.
Cr
ea
ti
on
Me
th
od
7.
Dec
or
a
t
or
The mos
t imp
o
rt
an
t
idio
ms:
1.
Gener
i
c
2.
R
e
f
l
ec
t
i
on
3.
La
mbda
Dependency
i
njecti
on i
s a te
chni
que
wher
eb
y
one
object
(or
s
t
a
t
i
c
me
t
hod)
supp
l
i
es
t
he
dependencies
of
an
oth
er
object.
A
dependency
i
s
an
object
t
ha
t
c
an
be
used (a
servi
ce
).
A
n
injec
tio
n
is th
e passing
o
f
a
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
t
o a
d
ep
en
d
en
t
object
(a c
li
en
t)
th
a
t w
ould
u
se
it
.
The
servi
ce
i
s
made
pa
r
t
of t
he
cli
en
t
's
s
t
a
t
e.
P
assi
n
g
th
e ser
vic
e
t
o
th
e
c
li
en
t,
r
a
th
er
th
an
al
lo
wing
a
c
li
en
t t
o
b
u
il
d
o
r
find
th
e ser
vic
e,
is th
e
fu
n
d
amen
t
al
r
equ
ir
emen
t
o
f
th
e
p
a
t
t
ern
.
The in
t
en
t
behind
depe
ndenc
y
in
jec
ti
on is
t
o
d
ec
oup
le
objects
t
o the
e
x
t
en
t
th
a
t
n
o
c
li
en
t
c
o
d
e
h
as
t
o
b
e c
h
ang
ed
simply
b
ec
ause
an
o
b
jec
t
it
d
epen
d
s
o
n
n
eeds
t
o
b
e c
h
ang
ed
t
o
a diff
er
en
t
o
n
e
.
Thi
s
per
mit
s
f
o
ll
o
wing t
h
e Open
/ C
lo
sed
p
rinciple
.
Depen
d
ency
injec
tio
n
is o
n
e
f
o
rm
o
f
th
e br
o
ader
t
ec
h
n
iqu
e
o
f
in
v
er
sio
n
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l
.
As wit
h ot
her
f
or
ms
of
i
n
v
er
si
on of
c
on
t
r
ol,
dependency
i
njecti
on supp
or
t
s
t
he
d
epen
d
ency
in
v
er
sio
n
p
rinciple
.
Th
e cl
ien
t d
eleg
a
t
es
th
e r
esp
onsib
il
ity
of
p
r
ovi
d
ing
its d
ep
en
d
en
ci
es
t
o
e
xt
ern
al
c
o
d
e
(
th
e
injec
t
o
r)
.
Th
e c
l
i
en
t
i
s not
al
l
o
w
ed
t
o c
al
l
t
he
i
nject
or
c
ode;
i
t
i
s
t
he
i
njecti
ng
c
ode
t
ha
t
c
ons
t
r
ucts
t
he
servi
ce
s
an
d
c
al
l
s
t
he
cli
en
t
t
o in
ject t
hem.
Th
i
s
me
an
s
t
he cli
en
t
c
ode
does
not
need
t
o
k
no
w
ab
out
th
e
i
njecti
ng
c
ode,
ho
w
t
o
c
ons
t
r
uct
t
he servi
ce
s
or
e
v
en
which actual
se
r
vice
s
it
is usi
ng;
th
e cl
ien
t
only
n
eed
s
t
o
kn
ow
about
th
e
in
trin
sic
in
t
erf
ac
es
o
f
th
e ser
vic
es
b
ec
ause
th
ese de
fine
h
o
w
th
e c
li
en
t
ma
y
u
se
th
e ser
vic
es
.
This
separ
a
t
es th
e
r
espons
ibil
iti
es
o
f
u
se
and
c
o
n
s
tru
c
tio
n
.
Th
er
e
ar
e
t
hr
ee
c
omm
on
me
an
s
f
or
a cli
en
t
t
o
acce
p
t
a
dependency
i
njecti
on:
se
t
t
er
-
,
in
t
erf
ac
e
-
and
c
o
n
s
tru
c
t
o
r
-
b
ased
injec
tio
n
.
Se
t
t
er
an
d
c
ons
t
r
uct
or
i
njecti
on di
f
f
er
mai
nl
y
b
y
when
t
he
y
c
an
be used.
I
n
t
er
f
ace
inj
ec
ti
on dif
f
er
s in
th
a
t
th
e
depe
ndenc
y
is g
iv
en
a chance
t
o
c
on
t
r
ol
i
t
s o
wn
i
njecti
on.
E
a
c
h
r
equir
es
tha
t
se
par
a
t
e co
ns
truc
tio
n
c
o
d
e
(
th
e
injec
t
o
r)
t
ak
es
r
espons
ibil
ity
f
o
r
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ing
a c
li
en
t
and
its
d
epen
d
encie
s
t
o
eac
h
other
.
Th
e
Depen
d
ency
I
n
jec
tio
n
d
esign
p
a
t
t
ern
sol
v
es
p
r
o
b
lems
l
i
k
e
:
1.
Ho
w
c
an
an
app
li
c
a
tio
n
or
c
la
ss b
e ind
epen
d
en
t
o
f h
o
w
its o
b
jec
ts
ar
e c
r
ea
t
ed
?
2.
Ho
w
c
an
th
e
w
a
y
objects
ar
e
cr
ea
t
ed
b
e
sp
eci
fied
in s
ep
ar
a
t
e
c
o
n
figur
a
tio
n
fil
es
?
3.
Ho
w
c
an
an
app
li
c
a
tio
n
su
p
p
o
rt
d
iff
er
en
t
c
o
n
figur
a
tio
n
s
?
Cr
ea
t
i
ng
objects
di
r
ec
t
l
y
wit
hi
n
t
he class t
ha
t
r
equi
r
es
t
he
objects
i
s
i
n
f
l
e
x
i
bl
e
bec
au
se
i
t
c
omm
i
t
s
t
he class to
pa
r
t
i
cula
r
objects
an
d mak
es
it
impossibl
e
t
o c
hang
e
th
e
in
s
t
an
ti
a
tio
n
la
t
er
ind
epe
nden
tl
y
fr
om
(wit
hout
ha
vin
g
t
o
change
) the cla
ss.
I
t
s
t
o
p
s th
e
c
la
ss
fr
o
m
b
eing
r
eusab
le
if o
th
er
o
b
jec
ts
ar
e
r
equ
ir
ed
,
an
d
it mak
es th
e c
la
ss h
ar
d
t
o
t
es
t b
ec
ause
r
ea
l
o
b
jec
ts
c
an't
b
e r
eplac
ed
with
moc
k o
b
jec
ts
.
A class
i
s
no
l
on
ger
re
spon
si
ble
f
or
cre
ati
ng
t
he ob
je
cts
i
t
re
qu
i
re
s, a
nd
i
t
do
e
sn'
t
ha
ve
t
o
del
e
ga
t
e
ins
t
an
t
i
ati
on
t
o
a
f
ac
t
or
y
ob
je
ct
as
i
n
t
he
Ab
s
t
ract
F
ac
t
or
y
desi
gn
pa
t
t
e
rn.
Moc
k
-
o
b
jec
t,
moc
ki
n
g
:
I
n
object
-
or
i
en
t
ed
pr
ogr
amming
,
moc
k
o
b
jec
ts
ar
e simula
t
ed objects
th
a
t m
imic
th
e b
eh
a
vio
r
of
r
eal
objects
in c
on
tr
ol
led
w
a
y
s
,
m
os
t of
t
en
as p
art of
a
soft
w
ar
e
t
es
ting in
iti
a
tiv
e
.
A
pr
ogr
amme
r
t
ypic
al
l
y
cr
ea
t
es
a mock
object
t
o
t
es
t th
e beh
a
vio
r
o
f
some o
th
er
o
b
jec
t
.
Mock
objects
c
an
si
mulat
e
t
he beha
vior
of c
omple
x
,
r
eal
objects
an
d
ar
e
t
her
e
f
or
e
use
f
ul
when
a
r
ea
l o
b
jec
t
is
impr
ac
tic
al
or
impossible
t
o
i
nc
or
por
a
t
e
i
n
t
o
a
t
es
t
.
I
f
an objec
t
h
as
an
y
o
f
th
e f
o
ll
o
wing
char
ac
t
eris
tics,
it ma
y b
e
u
se
fu
l
t
o
u
se
a moc
k object
in
its
p
la
ce
:
1.
t
he object
su
p
p
li
es
n
o
n
-
d
e
t
erminis
tic
r
esults
(e
.
g.
th
e c
urr
en
t
t
i
me
or
t
he cur
r
en
t
t
em
per
a
t
ur
e)
;
2.
i
t
ha
s
s
t
a
t
es
th
a
t ar
e diffic
u
lt
t
o
cr
ea
t
e
o
r
r
epr
o
d
u
c
e
(e
.
g.
a
ne
t
w
or
k
er
r
or
);
3.
it
is
slo
w
(e
.
g.
a c
om
pl
e
t
e
da
t
aba
se
,
which w
ould ha
v
e
t
o
be
i
ni
t
i
ali
z
ed
be
f
or
e
t
he t
es
t
);
4.
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
y
e
t e
xis
t
o
r
ma
y chang
e
b
eha
vio
r
;
5.
it
w
o
u
ld
h
a
v
e
t
o
incl
u
d
e
in
f
o
rma
tio
n
and
me
th
o
d
s
e
x
c
lusiv
ely f
o
r
t
es
tin
g p
u
rp
oses
(and not f
or
it
s
actua
l
t
ask
).
6.
uses
th
ir
d
-
p
arty
ser
vic
es
F
or
e
x
ample
, an
al
arm cl
o
c
k pr
o
gr
am
whi
ch c
au
ses a bell
t
o
r
i
ng
a
t
a
ce
r
t
ai
n
t
i
me
mig
h
t
g
e
t th
e
c
u
rr
en
t
time
fr
o
m
a time ser
vic
e
.
T
o
t
es
t
t
hi
s,
t
he
t
es
t
mus
t
w
ai
t
un
t
i
l
t
he al
arm
t
i
me
t
o
k
no
w
whe
t
her
i
t
ha
s
r
ung
the
bell
c
or
r
ec
tl
y
.
I
f
a mo
ck
ti
m
e
se
r
vice
is used in pl
ace
of
th
e
r
eal
t
i
me
servi
ce
,
i
t
c
an
be
pr
ogr
amme
d
t
o
pr
o
vid
e
t
he bell
-
r
i
ng
i
ng
t
i
me
(o
r
an
y
oth
er
t
i
me
) r
eg
ar
dl
ess
of
t
he r
eal
t
i
me
, so
t
ha
t
t
he
al
arm
clock
pr
ogr
am
c
an
be t
es
t
ed in
i
solati
on.
«
T
h
e
Pr
ag
ma
tic
Pr
ogr
ammer: Fr
om
Journe
yman
t
o
Mas
t
er
»
1.
Domai
n
Lang
uages
2.
The P
o
w
er
of
Pl
ai
n
T
e
xt
3.
Code
Generato
rs
a.
P
ass
iv
e
b.
Ac
tiv
e
4.
Co
de
That
’
s
E
asy
t
o
T
est
5.
Ubi
q
uito
us
A
uto
m
atio
n
6.
R
uthl
es
s
T
es
ting
«
Пр
огр
аммис
т
-
праг
ма
тик
путь
о
т
по
дма
ст
ерь
я
к ма
ст
ер
у
»
1.
Яз
ык
и,
о
тр
аж
аю
щие
специ
фи
ку
пре
дме
тной
об
ласт
и
2.
Преим
ущ
ество
пр
ос
т
ог
о
т
ек
ст
а
3.
Г
ен
ерат
оры
т
ек
ст
ов
прог
рамм
a.
Пас
сивны
е
i.
Прие
мле
ма
я
точность
(
пр
ав
к
а
сгенери
ро
ванн
ого
к
ода
р
ук
ами)
b.
Активны
е
i.
Часть про
ц
ес
са
сборки
4.
Программ
а
,
к
о
т
ор
ую
ле
гк
о
т
естировать
5.
Вез
д
есу
щая
авт
оматизация
6.
Без
ж
алост
ное
т
ест
ировани
е
T
es
t
P
yr
ami
d
:
d
e
finitio
n
«An
e
f
f
ec
t
i
v
e t
es
t
au
t
oma
t
i
on s
t
r
a
t
egy c
al
l
s
f
or
au
t
oma
t
i
ng
t
es
t
s a
t
t
hr
ee
di
f
f
er
en
t
l
e
v
els,
as sh
o
wn
i
n
Fig
ur
e,
whi
ch depict
s
th
e
t
es
t
aut
o
ma
tio
n
p
yr
ami
d
»
T
es
t
P
yr
ami
d
with
p
er
c
en
t
ag
e
#1
UI
-
5%
Acc
ep
t
an
ce
–
5%
I
n
t
egr
a
ti
on
–
10%
Unit
-
80%
T
es
t
P
yr
ami
d
with
p
er
c
en
t
ag
e
#2
UI
–
1%
End
t
o
End
Flo
w
–
4%
W
or
k
fl
o
w
API
–
6%
I
n
t
egr
a
t
i
on
–
9%
Domai
n Log
i
c Ac
ce
p
t
an
ce
–
10%
Unit
–
70%
T
es
t
P
yr
ami
d
:
Unit
T
es
ting
•
«
Unit
t
es
ting
sh
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e f
o
u
n
d
a
tio
n
o
f
a
sol
id t
es
t aut
o
ma
tio
n
s
tr
a
t
egy
an
d a
s
such r
epr
es
en
ts
th
e
la
r
g
es
t p
art
o
f the
p
yr
ami
d
.
Aut
om
a
t
ed unit
t
es
ts ar
e
w
onderful
bec
au
se
t
he
y
giv
e sp
ec
ifi
c
d
a
t
a t
o
a pr
o
gr
ammer
—
t
h
er
e
is a
b
u
g
and
it
’
s
o
n
li
n
e
4
7
.
»
•
«
Unit
t
es
t
s ar
e
usua
l
l
y
wr
i
t
t
en
i
n
th
e same l
angu
ag
e
as th
e
s
y
s
t
em
,
pr
ogr
amme
r
s
ar
e
ofte
n mos
t
c
om
f
or
t
ab
l
e
wr
i
t
i
ng
th
em
.
»
T
es
t
P
yr
ami
d
:
Ser
vic
e
•
«
Al
t
houg
h I
r
e
f
er
t
o
t
he
midd
le
la
y
er
o
f
th
e t
es
t aut
o
ma
tio
n
p
yr
ami
d
as
th
e
ser
vic
e
la
y
er
,
I
am no
t
r
es
tricti
ng us t
o using
only
a
se
r
vice
-
or
ien
t
ed
ar
chit
ec
tu
r
e.
All
ap
pl
i
c
a
t
i
ons
ar
e
made
up of
v
arious
servi
ce
s.
I
n t
he w
a
y I’
m usin
g
i
t
,
a
servi
ce
i
s
some
t
hi
ng
th
e
ap
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
does
i
n
r
esponse
t
o som
e
i
npu
t
or
se
t
of
i
npu
t
s.
»
•
«
Servi
ce
-
l
e
v
el
t
es
t
i
ng
i
s
ab
out
t
es
t
i
ng
t
he
servi
ce
s
of
an
ap
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
separ
a
t
ely
f
r
om
i
t
s
user
i
n
t
er
f
ace.
»
The r
emai
n
ing
r
o
le
o
f
u
ser
I
n
t
erf
ac
e
T
es
ts
•
“
But
don’t
w
e
need
t
o
do
some
user
i
n
t
er
f
ace
t
es
t
i
ng
?
Ab
solu
t
ely
, but
f
ar less
of i
t
th
an
an
y
other
t
es
t
type.
•
I
ns
t
ead,
w
e
r
un
t
he majorit
y
of te
s
t
s (suc
h
as b
ound
ar
y t
es
t
s)
t
hr
oug
h t
he
servi
ce
l
a
y
er
,
i
n
v
ok
i
ng
t
he me
t
hods
(se
r
vices)
di
r
ec
t
l
y t
o
c
on
f
i
r
m
t
ha
t
t
he fu
ncti
onal
i
t
y
i
s
w
or
k
i
ng
pr
oper
l
y
.
A
t
th
e
user
i
n
t
er
f
ace
l
e
v
el wha
t
’
s le
f
t
i
s t
es
t
i
ng
t
o c
on
f
i
r
m
t
ha
t
t
he
servi
ce
s
ar
e
hook
ed
up
t
o
t
he r
i
gh
t
but
t
ons an
d t
ha
t
t
he v
al
ues ar
e
di
spl
a
yi
ng
pr
oper
l
y
i
n t
he r
esult
f
i
eld.
T
o
do
t
hi
s
w
e
need
a much
smal
l
er
se
t
of te
s
t
s t
o
r
un
t
hr
oug
h t
he
user
i
n
t
er
f
ace
l
a
y
er
.
•
Whe
r
e
man
y or
g
an
i
z
a
t
i
ons
ha
v
e g
one
wr
ong
i
n
t
heir t
es
t
au
t
oma
t
i
on
e
f
f
or
t
s
o
v
er
t
he y
ear
s
ha
s been
i
n
i
gn
or
i
ng
t
hi
s
whol
e
midd
l
e
l
a
y
er
of ser
vice
t
es
t
i
ng
.
Al
t
houg
h
auto
m
a
t
ed
uni
t
t
es
ti
ng
is w
onder
fu
l,
it
c
an
c
o
v
er
only so
m
uch o
f
an ap
pl
ic
a
t
ion’
s
t
es
t
i
ng
needs.
Wit
hout
servi
ce
-
l
e
v
el
t
es
t
i
ng
t
o
f
i
l
l
t
he
g
ap
be
t
w
ee
n
uni
t
an
d
user
i
n
t
er
f
ace t
es
t
i
ng
,
al
l
oth
er
t
es
t
i
ng
ends up
bein
g
per
f
or
me
d
t
hr
oug
h t
he
user
i
n
t
er
f
ace,
r
esult
i
ng
i
n
t
es
t
s th
a
t
ar
e
e
xp
ensiv
e
t
o
ru
n
,
e
xp
ensiv
e
t
o
writ
e,
and
b
rit
tle
”
Find
a bal
ance
HT
TP
C
l
i
en
t
62
TEST
F
RAME
W
O
R
K
T
e
s
t
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
X
M
L
/
J
S
O
N
p
a
r
s
e
r
Le
t
s
t
ak
e
a l
ook
on
t
ools
t
ha
t
y
ou
c
oul
d use
i
n
t
he
f
r
ame
w
or
k
.
Y
ou
wil
l
pr
obab
l
y use
some
HT
TP
c
li
en
t
.
Th
er
e
ar
e
pr
e
t
t
y
bi
g
v
arie
t
y
of
cli
en
t
s.
I
f
y
ou
need
y
ou
c
oul
d use
A
pach
e
HT
TP
c
li
en
t
.
I
t
wil
l
t
ak
e,
ma
ybe m
or
e
e
f
f
or
t,
t
o use
it
,
and
y
ou
wil
l
nee
d
t
o
wr
ig
h
t mor
e
c
ode
,
but
y
ou
wil
l
be
ab
l
e
t
o
f
ul
l
y
c
on
t
r
ol
wha
t
’
s g
oin
g
on.
Anot
her
op
t
i
on
i
s
Spring
R
es
tT
empl
at
e
t
o in
t
er
act
wit
h
w
eb
servi
ce
.
Th
i
s
i
s
a b
i
t
di
f
f
er
en
t
le
v
el of
ab
s
t
r
act
i
on but
und
er
t
he
hood
y
ou
c
oul
d
s
t
i
l
l
use
Apa
che c
l
i
en
t
..
Y
ou
wil
l
de
f
i
ni
t
ely
need
some
u
n
it
t
es
ting
fr
ame
w
o
rk
.
JUnit
,
T
es
ts
NG
,
i
t
doesn’t
r
eal
l
y
ma
t
t
er
.
And y
ou
al
r
eady k
no
w
ho
w
t
o
use it
.
I
f
y
ou
w
or
k
wit
h se
r
vice
th
a
t
se
nd
da
t
a
in
JSON
f
orm
a
t
,
t
hi
s
is
r
eal
ly
ni
ce
li
br
ar
y “
goo
gle
-
gs
o
n
”
.
Y
ou
c
ou
l
d u
se
t
hi
s
l
i
br
a
r
y t
o
c
on
v
ert
jsons
i
n
t
o
da
t
a
t
r
an
s
f
er
objects.
Or
cr
ea
t
e
json
f
r
om
s
t
r
i
ng
or
dto
.
I
f
y
ou
use
x
ml,
y
ou
c
oul
d use
f
as
t
er
xml
l
i
br
ar
y
.
T
o
c
o
mp
ar
e
JSON’
s
I
sug
g
es
t
t
o use
JSONAs
s
e
rt
li
br
ar
y
.
It
c
oul
d
c
ompar
e
J
SONs
wit
h di
f
f
er
en
t
sor
t
i
ng
or
der
,
or
y
ou
c
oul
d sk
i
p
f
i
elds
f
r
om
c
omparison.
As
an
e
x
ampl
e y
ou
cr
ea
t
e
ne
w
user
,
an
d w
an
t
t
o
v
al
i
da
t
e
t
ha
t
w
eb
servi
ce
r
e
t
urns
e
x
act
l
y
t
he
same r
esponse
t
ha
t
y
ou
nee
d,
but
y
ou
c
an
not
pr
edict
som
e
g
ene
r
a
t
ed
v
al
ue in
r
es
ponse
,
li
k
e
user
i
d.
So
y
ou
c
oul
d sk
i
p pa
r
t
i
cula
r
v
al
ue fr
om
c
omparison
an
d
chec
k
separ
a
t
ely
, that
i
t
ha
s pr
oper
f
or
ma
t
or
chec
k
i
t
wit
h
r
egul
ar
e
x
pr
ession.
I
f
y
ou
ar
e
g
oin
g
t
o
moc
k
some
pa
rt
s
of
modu
l
es,
y
ou
c
ou
l
d u
se
Mockit
o
.
Thi
s
i
s r
eal
l
y nice t
ool
.
So
wha
t a
lso I
ha
v
e
her
e.
Fiddler
.
Thi
s
is
r
eall
y
not
th
e
part of t
he
f
r
ame
w
or
k
,
but
separ
a
t
e
tool,
t
hat
w
ork
s
a
s p
r
o
x
y
,
a
nd
i
t
c
a
p
t
ur
es
sessions
an
d
help
s y
ou
t
o
debug
r
eques
t
s
/
r
esponses
durin
g
f
r
ame
w
or
k
i
mpleme
n
t
a
t
i
on.
Al
so th
i
s
i
s r
eal
l
y use
f
ul
t
o
be abl
e t
o sa
v
e
c
ap
t
ur
ed
sessions.
So
i
f
some
t
hi
ng
w
or
k
s
not
as e
x
pect
ed
y
ou
c
oul
d
jus
t sa
v
e
se
ssion
and
se
n
t
it
t
o de
v
elope
r
s.
Thi
s
is
r
eall
y
c
on
v
enien
t.
So
I
w
oul
d sa
y that
f
i
ddl
er
i
s jus
t
mus
t
ha
v
e if
y
ou
w
or
k
wit
h ba
ck
end
.
P
os
tman
,
i
t
c
oul
d
be
use
f
ul
t
oo
,
t
hi
s
i
s
ni
ce
ap
pl
i
c
a
t
i
on
wit
h f
r
i
endl
y U
I
whe
r
e
y
ou
c
ould cr
ea
t
e
r
eque
s
t,
e
x
ec
ut
e
it
and
che
ck
r
es
ponse
.
And t
he la
s
t
one
t
ha
t
I
w
oul
d men
t
i
on i
s
RE
S
T
A
s
s
ured
.
Th
i
s
i
s
t
es
t
au
t
oma
t
i
on
f
r
ame
w
or
k
,
t
ha
t
ha
s
h
t
t
p cli
en
t
an
d
a
l
ot of
s
yn
t
a
x
sug
ar
,
th
a
t
al
lo
w
s y
ou
t
o c
r
ea
t
e
eas
y
r
eadabl
e
t
es
ts i
n
Gh
er
k
in
s
tyl
e.
Main too
ls
•
XM
L
/
JS
ON
parse
r
•
H
TT
P
-
cl
ient
•
U
nit
-
T
est
in
g
Fram
ew
ork
Additional too
ls
•
Mapp
in
g
tool
•
“Query”
tool
S
P
RING
68
Le
t
s
t
ak
e
a closer
l
ook
.
R
es
t
t
emp
la
t
e
.
T
o
use
i
t
y
ou
e
v
en
don’t
need
t
o
bring
al
l
Spring
s
t
uff
i
n
t
o
t
he fr
ame
w
or
k
jus
t
cr
ea
t
e
R
es
t
T
em
pl
a
t
e
()
i
ns
t
an
ce
.
And
y
ou
ar
e
g
ood
t
o g
o
.
Y
ou c
oul
d specif
y in wha
t
t
ype
y
ou
w
an
t
t
o
map r
esponse
body
.
T
o
sen
d
p
o
s
t r
equ
es
t
me
th
o
d
p
o
s
tF
o
rOb
jec
t
c
o
u
ld
b
e us
ed
.
J
us
t
specif
y
URI
,
ad
d
p
a
ylo
ad
an
d
select
i
n
wha
t
typ
e
y
o
u
w
an
t t
o
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
r
espons
e
.
Y
ou c
oul
d map i
t
t
o
some
D
T
O
object
an
d t
ha
n
chec
k
some
f
i
elds.
S
P
RING
70
Le
t
mak
e
i
t
a b
i
t
mor
e
c
ompli
c
a
t
ed,
y
ou
c
oul
d use
HT
TP
en
tity t
o
add
h
ea
d
er
s,
o
r
y
o
u
c
o
u
ld
p
ass so
me
v
aria
b
les t
o
u
ri
.
Li
k
e
i
n
t
hi
s
e
x
ampl
e:
I
ha
v
e
I
D
p
ar
ame
t
er
her
e,
an
d
r
es
t
t
em
pl
a
t
e
wil
l
r
epla
c
e i
t wit
h
p
ar
ame
t
er
fr
om
me
th
od
c
al
l
.
Her
e
I
D
wil
l
be
r
eplaced
wit
h one
hun
dr
ed.
U
sag
e
Cor
e
D
at
a Ge
n
er
at
ors
T
es
t
s
TEST
F
RAME
W
O
R
K
76
W
or
k
i
ng
wit
h
A
p
ac
h
e
HT
TP
i
s
pr
e
t
t
y
si
mple
t
oo.
Y
ou shoul
d ha
v
e
ins
t
ance o
f
c
li
en
t
i
t
self
,
an
d
cr
ea
t
e
ins
t
ance o
f
r
equ
es
t
.
Tha
n
y
ou
jus
t
r
e
trie
v
e r
espons
e
and
c
h
ec
k
s
th
a
t th
e en
tity c
o
n
t
en
t
is fully c
o
n
su
med
and
th
e c
on
t
en
t
s
tr
eam,
if e
xis
ts,
is
cl
osed
.
I
t
c
oul
d be
use
f
ul
t
o
ha
v
e
r
espons
e
wr
app
er
in th
is
c
ase tha
t will
h
a
v
e
e
xit
c
o
d
e,
r
espons
e
b
o
d
y
as String
,
R
esponse
body
as obj
ec
t
,
Ex
ce
p
t
i
on
i
f
an
y oc
cur
r
ed
durin
g r
eques
t
e
x
ec
ut
i
on, and
if
y
ou
w
an
t
t
o c
heck
t
ha
t
r
eque
s
t
pr
oc
es
sing
ti
m
e,
y
ou
c
ould ha
v
e
th
is
par
ame
t
er
t
oo.
TEST
F
RAME
W
O
R
K
78
P
O
J
O
JSON
JSON
P
O
JO
C
u
s
t
o
m
D
T
O
or
c
om.
g
o
ogle
.
g
s
on.J
s
o
nEl
e
m
en
t
I
n
mos
t
c
ases
y
ou
wil
l
w
or
k
wit
h
JSON
s
an
d
Go
o
gle
-
GSO
N
i
s r
eal
l
y
g
ood
op
t
i
on
her
e.
Th
er
e
a
t
l
eas
t
t
her
e
ap
pr
oaches
ho
w
t
o v
al
i
da
t
e
r
esponses.
The fi
r
s
t
one
is
t
o
c
on
v
er
t
J
SON
in
t
o D
T
O
,
or
PO
J
O
objec
t.
PO
J
O
is
k
in
d
of
object
t
ha
t
doesn’t
ha
v
e an
y logi
c,
i
t
c
on
t
ai
ns onl
y da
t
a, an
d
g
e
t
t
er
s
wit
h se
t
t
er
s.
I
n
cur
r
en
t
e
x
ampl
e
y
ou
c
oul
d see,
t
ha
t
I
e
x
pect f
i
eld
user
_log
i
n
wit
h
und
er
sc
or
e.
So
I
shoul
d specif
y w
hi
ch v
al
ue
shoul
d
be
mapped to
user
log
in
par
ame
t
er
.
I
n
c
ase
if
v
al
ues
ar
e
th
e
same
,
as an
e
x
ample y
ou
ha
v
e
c
amel c
ase
i
n
gson
,
so
y
ou
e
v
en
c
oul
d
g
e
t
r
i
d
of t
hi
s
an
not
a
t
i
on, and
g
oogl
e
gson
wil
l
au
t
oma
t
i
c
al
l
y
map
json
f
i
elds
t
o pr
oper
v
al
ues.
Con
v
er
t
i
ng
objects
f
r
om
PO
J
OS
t
o
J
SON
s
t
r
i
ng
s
i
s r
eal
l
y e
as
y
.
I
jus
t
need
tw
o
m
e
th
ods
t
o
json
and
fr
om
json
.
And
one
mor
e
t
hi
ng
.
I
f
y
ou
don’t
w
an
t
t
o
cr
ea
t
e
or
g
ener
a
t
e
D
T
O
cla
sses,
y
o
u
c
o
u
ld
map
y
o
u
c
la
ss t
o
JSON
ele
men
t
.
I
t will
r
ec
u
r
siv
ely
g
o
tr
o
u
t
JSON
and
ins
t
an
tia
t
e
o
b
jec
t
th
a
t r
epr
esen
ts
y
o
u
r
JSON
.
So
th
en
it c
ould
b
e
u
sed
with
JSON
assert
libr
ar
y
t
o
c
omp
ar
e
it
with
another
JSON
.
Th
i
s
i
s
much
mor
e
c
on
v
enien
t
th
an
c
ompar
e
t
hem
as
Strin
gs, an
d doesn’t
r
equi
r
e
g
ener
a
t
i
on of
PO
J
O
cla
sses.
Mapping
REST
ASSURED
82
And I
wil
l
f
i
ni
sh
t
hi
s
w
or
k
shop
wit
h short
descr
i
p
t
i
on
of r
es
t
assu
r
ed
f
r
ame
w
or
k
.
I
t p
r
e
t
ty
ea
s
y t
o
u
se
and
fle
xible
enough
.
R
es
t
A
ssu
r
ed
p
r
o
vide
t
o
n
s
o
f
s
yn
t
a
x
su
g
ar
,
wh
ic
h
h
elp
s
t
o
cr
ea
t
e
simple and
ea
s
y
u
n
d
er
s
t
and
able
t
es
ts
.
T
o
use
r
es
t
assu
r
ed
y
ou
shoul
d
s
t
a
tic
al
l
y
import
R
es
tAssur
ed
and
Ma
t
c
h
er
s
c
la
sses
.
T
o
sen
d
g
e
t r
equ
es
t
y
o
u
…
jus
t
c
al
l
“
g
e
t
” me
th
o
d
and
sp
ec
if
y
u
ri
.
Fr
om
one
si
de R
es
t
assu
r
ed
mimics
Gherkin
s
yn
t
a
x
,
wit
h i
t
’
s
gi
v
en when
th
en c
ons
tructions.
Fr
om
anot
her
it
look
s
li
k
e
b
u
il
d
er
,
whe
r
e
al
l
me
t
hods
g
o one
a
f
t
er
an
oth
er
separ
a
t
ed b
y
c
omm
a.
I
n
th
is
e
x
ample I
se
t b
asi
c
auth
en
tic
a
tio
n
,
th
en
send
GET
r
equ
es
t
and
v
al
ida
t
e
s
t
a
tu
s c
o
d
e.
W
or
d
when
i
s
s
yn
t
a
x
sug
ar
,
so
I
e
v
en
c
an
sk
i
p i
t
i
n
th
is
c
ase. Also r
es
t
assur
ed
pr
o
vide
f
e
w
s
tr
a
t
egies
of
r
eq
u
es
t
v
al
ida
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
e
x
ample c
o
d
e
send
s
GET
r
equ
es
t
wh
ic
h
r
e
tu
rn
s
r
espons
e
b
o
d
y
,
and
th
en
v
al
ida
t
e
it.
REST
ASSURED
84
SET
TI
NG
P
A
R
A
M
E
T
E
R
S
R
E
Q
U
E
S
T
E
X
E
C
U
T
I
O
N
R
E
SPO
NSE
V
A
L
I
D
A
T
I
O
N
S
R
E
SPONSE
O
B
J
E
CT
wi
t
h().
Ful
l
R
es
tAssur
ed
t
es
t
s
tru
c
tu
r
e
l
ook
s
l
i
k
e
t
hi
s.
Lik
e
in C
u
c
u
mb
er
R
es
tAssur
ed
h
as
Gi
v
en When
Then
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
.
GIVEN
secti
o
n
is r
espons
ible
f
o
r
c
o
n
figur
ing
th
e
r
equ
es
t
.
I
n
t
his
se
c
ti
on
we c
ou
ld
specif
y
h
ead
er
s,
re
q
u
es
t bo
d
y
or
a
n
y
R
es
tAs
sured
pa
rame
t
e
rs
l
i
k
e
pro
x
y
,
ssl
se
cu
ri
t
y
s
t
aff
a
nd
so
on
.
W
HEN
sec
tio
n
r
epr
esen
ts
HT
TP
me
th
o
d
and
URI
.
I
n
THEN
secti
o
n
g
o
es al
l
v
al
ida
tio
n
.
Al
so y
ou
c
ou
l
d
e
x
t
ract r
e
spon
se
bo
dy
,
an
d
per
f
orm
va
l
i
da
t
i
on
wit
h
t
e
s
t
f
rame
work
,
i
ns
t
e
ad
va
l
i
da
t
i
ng
i
n
re
s
t
Assure
d
.
I
wil
l
desc
r
ib
e
eac
h
se
ction
in
m
or
e
de
t
ai
l.
REST
ASSURED
86
S
e
t
quer
y
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
Se
t
pa
t
h
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
Hea
ders
se
ct
ion
Add
bod
y
So
,
wha
t
ab
out
Gi
v
en
sec
t
i
on
.
I
n
Gi
v
en
Sect
i
on
y
ou
c
a
n
sp
ecif
y pa
r
a
me
ter
s
f
or
URI
or
qu
er
y
par
ame
t
er
s,
it
m
ak
es
t
es
ts
m
or
e
fl
e
xi
bl
e,
and
c
ode
m
or
e
r
eusable.
Al
so
, thing
s
l
i
k
e
Cookies
and
Hea
de
rs
shou
l
d
be speci
f
i
e
d
i
n
given
se
cti
on
.
Ne
xt
o
n
e
is
BOD
Y
,
wh
er
e
re
q
u
es
t bo
d
y
c
ou
ld
b
e s
p
ecif
ie
d
.
This
is
m
os
t
widel
y
u
se
d
me
t
ho
ds
f
rom g
i
ven
se
cti
on
.
I
n
g
ener
a
l,
gi
v
en
me
tho
d
a
ll
o
w
s
t
o
se
t a
ll
neede
d
r
eques
t
da
t
a
, an
t
se
t
fr
ame
w
ork
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
b
e
f
or
e
r
eq
u
es
t
will
b
e
issu
ed
.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
URI
88
B
y
d
e
f
a
u
l
t
R
E
S
T
ass
ur
ed
ass
um
es
hos
t
lo
c
alh
o
s
t
an
d
port
80
80
whe
n
doing
a
r
eq
ue
s
t.
Y
o
u
c
an
chan
g
e
the
d
e
f
a
u
l
t
base
U
RI
,
base
pa
th,
po
rt
f
o
r
all
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
r
eq
ue
s
ts:
B
y d
e
f
ault
th
e
R
es
tAssur
ed
send
s
c
al
l
t
o
lo
c
al
h
o
s
t
if no
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
w
ar
e
p
r
o
vided.
So
i
n t
hi
s
e
x
ampl
e
r
es
t
assu
r
ed
wil
l
send
r
eques
t
t
o
l
oc
al
l
hos
t
wit
h port
8
0
8
0
,
which is actua
ll
y
de
f
aul
t
t
om
c
a
t port.
Y
ou
c
an
change
de
f
au
l
t
ba
se
uri
, pa
t
h
an
d port
b
y
se
t
t
i
ng
t
hese
v
al
ues
i
n
ba
se c
l
ass, an
d t
hen use
i
n
al
l
t
es
t
s, and
y
ou
wil
l
ha
v
e a possi
bi
l
i
t
y
t
o
change
U
RI f
or
al
l
t
es
t
fr
om
one
pl
ace,
whi
ch is g
ood
i
f
y
ou
t
es
t
i
ng
on
di
f
f
er
en
t en
vir
onm
en
ts
which ha
v
e
di
f
f
er
en
t
U
RI.
Th
e same
wit
h
ba
seP
a
t
h
.
I
n
pr
o
vid
ed
e
x
ampl
e,
if
I
specif
y
ba
seU
RI
an
d ba
se P
a
t
h,
t
he
r
eques
t
wil
l
be
sen
t
t
o
BaseU
RI
+
BaseP
a
t
h
+
Ur
i
P
ar
ame
t
er
.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
URI
90
P
a
t
h
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
m
a
k
e
s
it
ea
sie
r
t
o
r
ea
d
the
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
pa
th
as
w
ell
as
en
ab
ling
the
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
pa
th
t
o
ea
sily
be
re
-
us
ab
le
in
m
a
n
y
t
es
ts
wit
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
v
alu
es
.
Named
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
U
nna
med
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
L
i
k
e
S
tr
ing.
f
o
r
m
a
t
Th
er
e
f
e
w
w
a
y
s ho
w
t
o
mak
e
UR
I
v
al
ue
mor
e
f
l
e
x
i
bl
e
or
c
on
f
i
gu
r
ab
l
e.
Y
ou c
oul
d use
“
n
amed
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
”
.
So
r
es
t
assu
r
ed
wil
l
chec
k
pa
r
ame
t
er
na
me
an
d
r
epla
ce
i
t
wit
h c
or
r
espondi
ng
v
al
ue.
Or
y
o
u
c
o
u
ld
sp
ec
if
y
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
d
ir
ec
tly in c
al
l
me
th
o
d
.
Th
e
y
c
al
l
i
t
u
n
n
amedP
ar
ame
t
er
s
.
Y
ou
c
oul
d mix
t
hi
s
t
w
o
t
ypes
of
pa
r
ame
t
er
s.
So
I
n t
hi
s
e
x
ampl
e:
f
r
ame
w
or
k
wil
l
chec
k
t
ha
t
:
ok
I
ha
v
e in
r
eques
t
specif
i
c
a
t
i
on
t
hi
s
pa
r
ame
t
er
,
so
I
wil
l
r
epla
ce
i
t
wit
h specif
i
ed v
al
ue.
Th
en it
chec
k
s,
ok
I
don’t
ha
v
e such par
ame
t
er
na
me
i
n
r
eques
t
spec
if
ic
a
ti
on,
but
I ha
v
e
one
e
xt
r
a
par
ame
t
er
in
th
e
r
eque
s
t
c
al
l,
so
I
wil
l
r
epla
ce
i
t
wit
h t
hi
s
pa
r
ame
t
er
.
And a
l
so par
ame
t
er
s
c
oul
d be
pa
ssed th
e same
as i
n
s
t
r
i
ng
f
or
ma
t
an
d
R
es
tAssur
ed
wil
l
r
eplace
th
em
one
b
y
one
.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
HEADER
S.
92
Mult
i
-
v
a
lu
e
hea
d
e
r
s
Headers
Hea
ders
s
h
or
t
c
u
t
s
Th
en y
ou
wil
l
pr
obab
l
y
need
t
o se
t
h
ea
d
er
s
and
c
o
o
ki
es
.
Me
th
o
d
h
ea
d
er
wil
l
c
r
ea
t
e single header
i
f
i
t
w
as c
al
l
ed
wit
h
tw
o
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
and
mu
ltiple h
eader
s
wit
h th
e
same
name
if
y
ou
pass
th
r
ee
o
r
mor
e par
ame
t
er
s
.
Me
th
o
d
h
ea
d
er
s
c
r
ea
t
es h
ea
d
er
s
fr
o
m
p
ai
r
s
o
f p
ar
ame
t
er
s
.
Al
so th
er
e
ar
e
sh
o
rt
c
u
ts
f
o
r
fr
equ
en
tly
u
sed
h
ea
d
er
s
.
Actua
l
l
y
und
er
th
e
hood
th
e
y
ar
e
c
al
li
ng
header
()
m
e
th
od.
B
ut
w
ell, th
es
e
guy
s r
eall
y
w
an
t
t
o
mak
e
our
c
ode
si
mple.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
HEADER
S.
94
Ju
s
t
l
i
k
e
hea
d
e
r
s
De
t
ai
le
d
c
ookie
bui
ld
er
Pr
e
t
t
y
t
he
same i
d
ea
with
c
o
o
ki
es
.
Y
ou c
oul
d se
t
si
ng
l
e
c
ook
i
e,
or
mult
i
v
al
ued c
ook
i
e.
I
n t
hi
s
c
ase r
es
t
assu
r
ed
wil
l
cr
ea
t
e
mu
lti
p
le coo
ki
es
with
th
e
same name and
d
iff
er
en
t
v
al
u
e
s
.
Al
so if
y
ou
need
mor
e
fle
xibili
ty
in
c
o
o
ki
es
,
y
ou
c
oul
d use
c
o
o
ki
eB
u
il
d
er
, w
hi
ch al
l
o
w
s
y
ou
t
o
se
t all
c
o
o
ki
e
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
SPEC
B
UIL
D
ER
.
96
I
n
s
t
e
a
d
du
plic
a
ting
r
es
pons
e
e
xpe
ct
a
ti
o
ns
an
d/
o
r
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
es
t
s
y
o
u
c
an
r
e
-
us
e
an
e
n
tir
e
sp
e
cif
ic
a
t
io
n
.
T
o
do
this
y
o
u
de
f
ine
a
sp
ecif
ic
a
t
io
n
us
ing
eith
er
the
R
eq
ue
s
tSpecB
ui
lde
r
or
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
S
p
e
c
B
u
i
l
de
r
.
Se
t
ting
th
e
same v
al
u
es f
o
r
mu
lti
p
le r
equ
es
ts
d
o
esn’
t
h
a
v
e
an
y sen
se
.
T
o
r
edu
c
e
c
o
d
e
d
u
p
li
c
a
tio
n
,
R
es
tAssur
ed
fr
ame
w
o
rk
h
as
R
equ
es
t
sp
ec
ifi
c
a
tio
n
.
Ho
w
i
t
w
or
k
s:
y
o
u
c
r
ea
t
e r
equ
es
t
sp
ec
ifi
c
a
tio
n
b
u
il
d
er
and
add
al
l
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
li
k
e
h
ea
d
er
s
and
c
o
o
ki
es.
A
n
d
th
is speci
fica
tio
n
c
an
b
e
u
sed
in GI
VE
N sec
tio
n
.
B
ut
y
ou
c
an
add
add
itio
n
al
p
ar
ame
t
er
s
in g
iv
en
sectio
n
,
or
e
v
en
o
v
errid
e
v
al
u
es
fr
o
m
r
equ
es
t
sp
ec
ifi
c
a
tio
n
.
The same s
t
a
ff
with
R
espons
e
sp
ec
ifi
c
a
tio
n
.
I
t
c
oul
d be
used
t
o app
l
y
som
e
se
t
of
v
al
id
a
tio
ns
f
or
al
l
r
es
ponse
s.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
OBJ
ECT
MAP
PING
.
98
And f
e
w
w
or
ds
ab
out
r
equ
es
t/r
espons
e
o
b
jec
ts
mapp
ing
.
I
n
r
es
t
assu
r
ed
i
t
i
s r
eal
l
y e
as
y
.
Le
t
s
assu
me
t
ha
t
I
ha
v
e
cla
ss
Message
wit
h r
eque
s
t
da
t
a.
So
whe
n
I
pass it
in
gi
v
en s
ec
ti
on
wit
h
body
me
ssage
,
R
es
t
Assur
ed
wil
l
seria
li
z
e
th
e
o
b
jec
t
t
o
JSON
si
nce
t
he
r
eques
t
c
on
t
en
t
-
t
ype is se
t
t
o "
app
li
c
a
tio
n
/
jso
n
".
It
wi
l
l
f
i
r
s
t
t
r
y
to use
Jack
son
i
f
f
ou
nd
in
cla
sspa
t
h
an
d i
f
not
Gson
wil
l
be
used. I
f
y
ou
chang
e
th
e
c
on
t
en
t
-
type t
o
"
app
li
c
a
tion/
xm
l
"
R
E
S
T
Assur
ed
wil
l
ser
i
al
i
z
e t
o
XML u
si
ng
J
AXB.
I
f
no
c
on
t
en
t
-
t
ype is de
f
i
ned
RE
S
T
Assur
ed
wil
l
t
r
y
t
o
ser
i
al
i
z
e
i
n t
he f
oll
o
win
g or
der
.
Y
ou
c
an al
so c
r
ea
t
e
a
J
SON
doc
ume
n
t
b
y
su
p
p
lying
a Map
t
o
RE
S
T
Assur
ed.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
RESP
ON
SE
V
A
L
I
D
A
T
I
O
N
.
100
And t
hen r
esponse
v
al
i
da
t
i
on.
Th
er
e
ar
e
f
e
w
w
a
y
s.
I
t
c
oul
d
be
v
al
i
da
t
ed
wit
h
R
es
t
Assur
ed
:
St
a
tu
sC
ode
ob
vio
u
sly
v
al
ida
t
es
s
t
a
tu
s
c
ode
,
and
b
ody
me
th
od
t
o
v
al
ida
t
es
r
espons
e
b
o
d
y
.
Fi
r
s
t
pa
r
a
me
ter
i
s
JSON
pat
h,
a
nd
sec
on
d
i
s
assert
.
OR
…
y
o
u
c
o
u
ld
e
xtr
ac
t r
espons
e
o
b
jec
t
and
v
al
ida
t
e
with
it
.
Ex
t
r
act
m
e
th
od
wil
l
r
e
tu
r
n
R
es
ponse
objec
t,
which c
an
be
passed t
o
T
es
tNg
asserts,
an
d
v
al
i
da
t
ed
her
e.
And t
he
th
ir
d
w
a
y
is map
r
espons
e
t
o
D
T
O
o
b
jec
t
,
an
d
w
or
k
wit
h i
t
.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
J
SON
SCHEMA
.
102
And e
v
en
i
f
y
ou
w
an
t
t
o
v
a
li
da
t
e
wit
h
JS
ON
sc
hema
,
i
t
c
oul
d be
done
i
n
R
es
t
Assur
ed
.
J
us
t
s
t
a
t
i
c
al
l
y
i
mpor
t
JsonSc
h
emaV
al
ida
t
o
rC
la
ss
,
an
d
ad
d
ne
w
dependency
i
n
pom.x
ml
an
d
y
ou
ar
e
g
ood
t
o g
o.
REST
ASSU
R
ED
.
P
R
O
X
Y
.
SS
L
.
L
OG
GIN
G
.
104
A
t
th
e e
nd:
f
e
w
r
eal
l
y
i
mpor
t
an
t
th
i
ng
s
t
ha
t
I
ha
v
en’t me
n
t
i
oned
y
e
t
.
R
es
tAssur
ed
h
as
b
u
il
t in
me
th
o
d
s
t
o
p
erf
o
rm
auth
o
riz
a
tio
n
.
I
f
y
ou
wil
l
spec
if
y
m
e
th
od
basi
c
in
gi
v
en
se
ction,
R
es
tAssur
ed
wil
l
tr
y
t
o
au
t
hen
t
i
c
a
t
e
wit
h pr
o
vid
ed
l
ogi
n/pass
w
or
d.
Pr
ee
mp
t
i
v
e
me
t
hod
sho
w
s
t
ha
t
R
es
t
Assur
ed
wil
l
t
r
y
t
o
au
t
hen
t
i
c
a
t
e
e
v
en
be
f
or
e
i
t
wil
l
be
r
eques
t
ed
f
or
au
t
hen
t
i
c
a
t
i
on.
Also
if
y
ou
w
an
t t
o
see y
ou
r
eq
u
es
ts
in
fidd
ler
,
and
I
assu
me
y
ou
w
an
t,
y
o
u
sh
o
u
ld
se
t p
r
o
xy
v
al
u
e
.
B
y
de
f
au
l
t
Fid
dl
er
w
or
k
s
on
eig
h
t
y
-
eig
h
t
on
eig
h
t
y
-
eig
h
t
port.
Also
,
i
t
uses
self
sig
ned
ce
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e,
whi
ch wil
l
be
r
ec
ogn
i
z
ed
as u
nsa
f
e.
T
o
deal
wit
h i
t
.
Y
ou
c
oul
d cr
ea
t
e
cus
t
om
k
e
y
s
t
or
e
and
use
it
in
y
our
t
es
ts, or
y
ou
c
ould ju
s
t
tu
r
n
of
f ce
r
ti
fi
c
a
t
e
v
al
id
a
ti
on
when
y
ou
w
or
k
wit
h f
i
ddl
er
.
Al
so
R
es
tAssur
ed
h
as
p
r
e
t
ty
g
o
o
d
lo
g
ging
fu
n
c
tio
n
al
ity
.
Ma
v
en
d
epen
d
en
c
y
D
epen
d
en
c
y
Usage
Us
age
R
es
t
Ass
ur
ed
–
please
pa
y sp
ecial
a
t
t
en
tion
t
o
ne
xt f
ea
tur
es:
a.
Comple
x pa
r
sin
g
and
v
al
ida
tion
i
.
Gr
oo
v
y
’
s
c
oll
ection A
PI
ii
. bod
y(
"
shoppi
ng.c
a
t
eg
or
y
.
find
{
it.@
typ
e
== 'gr
oceri
es'
}
.it
em
",
hasIt
em
s
("Ch
oc
ola
t
e", "Cof
f
ee"));
ii
i.
fr
om(r
esponse).
g
e
tLis
t
("
shopp
ing.ca
t
eg
or
y
.
find
{
it.@
typ
e
==
'gr
oceri
es
' }
.i
t
em
");
iv
. ge
t("/
shopp
ing
").pa
th(
"
shoppi
ng.c
a
t
eg
or
y
.
find
{
it.@ty
p
e
==
'gr
oceri
es' }.it
em
");
b.
Deseria
liz
a
tion
with
Generics
i
. Lis
t<Map<S
tri
ng
,
Ob
ject>>
ii
.
io.
r
es
t
ass
ur
ed.mapper
.
T
ypeR
e
f
c.
Cus
t
om
p
ar
s
er
s
i
.
R
es
tAssur
ed.
r
egis
t
erP
ar
ser
(<
c
on
t
en
t
-
typ
e>,
<par
ser
>);
ii
.
R
es
tAssur
ed.
r
egis
t
erP
ar
s
er
("ap
plic
a
tion/
vnd.uoml+
xm
l
",
P
ar
se
r
.XML);
ii
i.
R
es
tAssur
ed.
un
r
egis
t
erP
ar
ser
("ap
plic
a
tion/
vnd.uoml+
xm
l
");
d.
Spec
ific
a
tion
R
e
-
use
i
.
R
eques
tSp
ecB
u
ild
er
ii
.
R
esponseS
p
ecB
ui
lder
e.
Filt
er
s
i
.
io.
r
es
t
ass
ur
ed.
fil
t
er
.Fil
t
e
r
ii
.
io.
r
es
t
ass
ur
ed.
fil
t
er
.lo
g.R
eques
tLog
ging
Filt
er
ii
i.
io
.r
es
t
ass
ur
ed.
fil
t
er
.l
og.R
es
ponseL
og
gingF
il
t
er
iv
.
io.
r
es
t
ass
ur
ed.
fil
t
er
.lo
g.E
rr
orLog
ging
Filt
er
f
.
Sess
ion
su
pp
ort
g.
Spring
Sup
port
i
. S
pring
Moc
k
Mv
c
Mod
ule
ii
. Boots
tr
app
ing
R
es
tAssur
edMoc
kMv
c
ii
i.
R
es
tAssur
edMoc
kMv
c
iv
. As
yn
ch
r
onou
s
R
eques
ts
v
.
Sp
ri
ng
MVC
Au
then
tic
a
tion
iv
.
R
es
tAss
ur
edW
ebT
es
tCl
ie
n
t
h. Sc
ala
i
. K
otli
n
S
um
m
ar
y
If
y
o
u
w
a
n
t
t
o
s
t
a
r
t
aut
oma
t
i
o
n
–
s
t
a
r
t
f
r
o
m
API.
•
A
lot
of
logic
c
an
be
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
d
t
r
o
u
g
h
API
wi
th
ou
t
being
depen
d
en
t
up
on
the
UI.
•
W
e
b
ser
vi
ce
is
n
ot
tie
d
to
a
n
y
o
ne
o
p
e
r
a
ti
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
or
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
mi
n
g
lan
g
ua
g
e
,
so
w
h
y
s
h
o
ul
d
t
he
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
be
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
in
the
sam
e
langu
ag
e?
•
API
t
e
s
t
s
a
r
e
E
A
S
Y
TO
A
U
T
O
M
A
T
E
,
C
H
E
A
P
a
n
d
F
A
S
T
.
114
API test Automation – a deep dive into protocol stack
